Teachers’ Level of Knowledge and Readiness in Integrating 4IR: Primary ESL Classroom Context
Abstract
Students’ language performance as well as their educational development are affected by English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ ability to integrate technologies into their teaching practices. It is therefore necessary to assess teachers’ levels of knowledge and readiness in integrating Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies into their teaching practices. This paper assesses ESL teachers’ levels of knowledge and readiness in integrating 4IR technologies into their teaching practices. Two variables were used to form research questions: ESL primary teachers’ (1) level of knowledge and (2) level of readiness. A quantitative research design was employed in this research involving 306 respondents. The findings of the research indicated that teachers’ levels of knowledge and readiness influence their integration of 4IR technologies into their teaching practices. Teachers should acquire knowledge regarding 4IR technologies to ensure that they are able to meet the demands of the present education system as well as to help their learners become more proficient in learning the English language. In conclusion, the integration of 4IR technologies is an important aspect that needs to be utilized in teachers’ teaching practices.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.3.23
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, M. K., Adnan, A. H. M., Azamri, N. M., Idris, K. B., Norafand, N. N., & Ishak, N. I. (2019). Education 4.0 technologies for English language teaching and learning in the Malaysian context. In Proceedings of the International Invention, Innovative & Creative (InIIC) Conference, Series 2/2019, 6-16. http://www.mnnfpublisher.com/uploads/4/6/9/3/46931833/education_4.0_technologies_for_english_language_teaching_and_learning_in_the_malaysian_context.pdf
Ahmed, K., & Nasser, O. (2015). Incorporating iPad technology: Creating more effective language classrooms. TESOL Journal, 6, 751-765. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.192
Anggraeni, C. W. (2018). Promoting Education 4.0 in English for survival class: What are the challenges? Metathesis – Journal of English Language, Literature, and Teaching, 2(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.31002/metathesis.v2i1.676
Aprianti, V., & Sahid, S. (2020). The relationship between teachers’ competency and Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) learning among economics teachers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11A), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082108
Avelino, N., & Ismail, H. H. (2021). Assessing ESL teachers’ knowledge and readiness in integrating 4IR into teaching practices: A concept paper. Creative Education, 12, 2038-2055. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.129156
Brown, J. D. (2006). Generalizability from second language research samples. JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter, 10(2), 21-24. https://hosted.jalt.org/test/PDF/Brown24.pdf
Bull, A., & Ma, Y. (2001). Raising learner awareness of language learning strategies in situations of limited resources. Interactive Learning Environments, 9(2), 171-200. https://doi.org/10.1076/ilee.9.2.171.7439
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/MNSC.35.8.982
Erboz, G. (2017). How to define Industry 4.0: The main pillars of Industry 4.0. Managerial Trends in The Development of Enterprises in Globalization Era, 761-767. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326557388_How_To_Define_Industry_40_Main_Pillars_Of_Industry_40
Faryadi, Q. (2019). PhD thesis writing process: A systematic approach — How to write your methodology, results and conclusion. Creative Education, 10, 766-783. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.104057
Ghazali, M. A. I. M. (2020). Student teachers’ readiness towards the digitalization of the 21st century English language classroom in education 4.0. ICTE’ 20: International Conference on Teacher Education, 2, 63-75. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348929941
Golonka, E. M., Bowles, A. R., Frank, V. M., Richardson, D. L., & Freynik, S. (2014). Technologies for foreign language learning: A review of technology types and their effectiveness. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(1), 70-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2012.700315
Hariharasudan, A., & Kot, S. (2018). A scoping review on digital English and Education 4.0 for Industry 4.0. Social Sciences, 7(11), 1-13. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/9/3/71/pdf
Hashim, H. (2018). Application of technology in the digital era education. International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education, 2, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.24036/002za0002
Hashim, H., Rafiq, R. M., & Yunus, M. (2019). Improving ESL learners’ grammar with gamified-learning. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL, 5, 41 50. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call5.4
Hizam-Hanafiah, M., Soomro, M. A., & Abdullah, N. L. (2020). Industry 4.0 readiness models: A systematic literature review of model dimensions. Information, 11(7), 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11070364
Hussin, A. A. (2018). Education 4.0 made simple: Ideas for teaching. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 6(3), 92-98. file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/4616-9947-1-SM.pdf
Ilias, K., & Aladin, C. L. (2018). Pengetahuan dan kesediaan revolusi Industri 4.0 dalam kalangan pelajar Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Ipoh [Knowledge and readiness regarding the Fourth Industrial Revolution among students at the Institute of Teacher Education, Ipoh Campus]. The Online Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2015.08.003
Junid, N. A., Soh, T. M. T., Mahmud, D. S. N., & Ikhsan Z. H. (2019). Science teacher’s knowledge, understanding and readiness in dealing with the education transformation of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Science Teacher, 7(11), 102-119. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss11/71107_Junid_2019_E_R.pdf
Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52-54. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Lapammu, S., & Mahamod, Z. (2018). Tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan kesediaan pelajar tingkatan 4 terhadap penggunaan pembelajaran persekitaran maya VLE Frog dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu [Level of knowledge, attitude and readiness among form 4 students in using the VLE Frog virtual learning environment in learning Malay]. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu Malay Language Education (MyLEJ), 8(1), 53-62. http://journalarticle.ukm.my/11836/1/166-321-1-SM.pdf?msclkid=ea233b5fac2411ec9861c03aa2a76d09
Lawrence, R., Lim, F. C., & Haslinda, A. (2019). Strengths and weaknesses of Education 4.0 in the higher education institution. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 9(2S3), 511-519. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.B1122.1292S319
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
Mpungose, C. B. (2020). Student teachers’ knowledge in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 5149-5165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10212-5
Naim, S., & Razak, N. A. (2020). Effect of personal and professional characteristics towards ESL lecturers’ digital competence. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(4), 1029-1049. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343523864_Effect_of_Personal_and_Professional_Characteristics_towards_ESL_Lecturers'_Digital_Competence
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Pazilah, F. N., Hashim, H., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Using technology in ESL classroom: Highlights and challenges. Creative Education, 10, 3205-3212. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012244
Oosthuizen, J. H. (2016). An assessment of 4IR-Intelligence of South African management practitioners through the lens of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In Proceedings of 28th Annual Conference of the Southern African Institute of Management Scientists, University of Pretoria, South Africa (pp. 5-7). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacobus-Oosthuizen/publication/308785077_An_Assessment_of_4IR-Intelligence_of_South_African_Management_Practitioners_Through_the_Lens_of_the_Fourth_Industrial_Revolution/links/57f0d31108ae8da3ce4c208f/An-Assessment-of-4IRIntelligence-of-South-African-Management-Practitioners-Through-the-Lens-of-the-Fourth-Industrial-Revolution.pdf
Ramli, S., Rasul, M. S., & Affandi, M. H. (2020). Identifying technology competency of green skills in the Fourth Revolution industries amongst Teacher Trainee. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11A), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082105
Razak, N. A., Alakrash, H., & Sahboun, Y. (2018). English language teachers’ readiness for the application of technology towards Fourth Industrial Revolution demands. Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia, 7(2-2), 89-98. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346906587
Romy, A. K., Mohd Asri, A. A., Mohd Khalid, H., Normah, A. R., & Mohd Ali, S. (2019). Tahap pengetahuan dan tahap kesediaan guru pelatih Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Teknik (IPGKPT) terhadap Revolusi Industri 4.0 (IR 4.0) [The level of knowledge and the level of readiness of the teacher trainer at Technical Institute of Teacher Education Campus (IPGKPT) towards Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0)]. Jurnal Penyelidikan Teknokrat II(XXI), 27-37. http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jpt/article/view/8400
Venkatesh, V., & Bala, H. (2008). Technology Acceptance Model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Sciences, 39(2), 273-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x
Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46, 186-204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
Woolf, B. P., Lane, H. C., Chaudhri, V. K., & Kolodner, J. L. (2013). AI grand challenges for education. AI Magazine, 34(4), 66-84. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v34i4.2490
Yunus, M. M. (2018). Innovation in education and language learning in 21st century. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research, 2(1), 33-34. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsder.v2i1.12355
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493