Portrait of Education in Indonesia: Learning from PISA Results 2015 to Present
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze Indonesia’s low Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores among PISA?participating countries in the world, using the qualitative Spradley model method. Data collection involved studying PISA results documents, curriculum documents, newspapers, and television news. Observations and interviews (both formal and informal) with teachers and prospective teachers who were studying at private tertiary institutions were also used considering that the main researcher has been a lecturer since 1986 until now. Data analysis techniques included domain analysis, content analysis, narrative analysis, and critical discourse analysis. Data analysis related to the implementation of the educational curriculum from the Dutch colonial era to the present. It was found that not all teachers used higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and teachers complained that the curriculum was often changed by the Ministry of Education. Even distribution of the quality of education is also not optimal and experiences difficulties. This is because Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, with the population spread over 17,000 islands separated by sea. This study recommends that the Indonesian Government make solid short-, medium- and long-term education master plans so that teachers are not bothered with curriculum changes on a regular basis. If participation in PISA by Indonesia is continued, this study recommends that the practice of PISA questions be increased and that PISA participants be selected using purposive sampling considering that the quality of education is not evenly distributed.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.1.18
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Absiroh. U., Isjoni, & Bunari, S. (2020). Understanding of history 350 years Indonesia colonized by Dutch. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/205480-history-pemahaman-350-tahun-indonesia-di.pdf
Aksu, G., & Eser, T. (2020). Development of analytical thinking tendency scale: Validity and reliability study. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2020.764229
Albergaria-Almeida, P. (2011). Critical thinking, questioning and creativity as components of intelligence. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 357–362 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.070
Amin, M. (2019). Pendidikan Islami selama masa penjajahan Belanda dan Jepang [Islamic education during the Dutch and Japanese colonial times]. Pillar Journal, 10(2), 1?11.
Anggraena, Y. (2021). PISA 2021 and computational thinking (CT). Ministry of Education and Culture Center for Curriculum and Books. https://litbang.kemdikbud.go.id/pisa
Anggraini, N., Budiyono, B., & Pratiwi, H. (2019). Analysis of higher order thinking skills students at junior high school in Surakarta. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1211(1), 012077. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1211/1/012077
Anoegrajekti, N., Sudibyo, Sudartomo, M., Djoko, S., & Nyoman, I. D. P. (Eds). (2022). Sastra maritim [Maritime literature]. Canisius.
Berdahl, L., Hoessler, C., Mulhall, S., & Matheson, K. (2020). Teaching critical thinking in political science: A case study. Journal of Political Science Education, 17(sup1), 910?925. http://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2020.1744158
Bernardi, S., & Hakim, P. (2003). Sejarah maritim Indonesia [Indonesian maritime history]. KKP.
CNN Indonesia. (2022, July 19). 10 negara paling padat di dunia, salah satunya Indonesia [Top 10 most populous countries in the world, one of which is Indonesia]. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20220719113449-118-823271/10-negara-paling-padat-di-dunia-salah-satunya-indonesia
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Library of Congress.
Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage.
Denzin, N. K, & Lincoln, Y. S. (2004). Qualitative research handbook. Sage.
De Porter, B., Reardon, M., Nourie, & Sarah, S. (2005). Quantum teaching (Indonesian version by Ary Nilandari). Mizan.
Dryden, G., & Vos, J. (2001). Revolusi cara belajar [The learning revolution] (Indonesian Edition). Mizan.
Ennis, R. (2018). Critical thinking across the curriculum. Topoi, 37(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-016-9401-4
Faizti, N. (2021). Mengenal macam-macam analisis data kualitatif dalam penelitian [Knowing the different types of qualitative data analysis in research]. Duniadosen. https://www.duniadosen.com/various-analysis-data-qualitative/
Fatah, F. A., Herman, S., & Helmy, F. (2022). The effect of anxiety, mental toughness, critical thinking on decision making of badminton umpire. Bisma, 6(2), 242–248. http://doi.org/10.23887/bisma.v6i2.51576
Fu, C. (2020). Application of cohesion theory in reading comprehension CET-4. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p86
Guthrie, J. T., Klauda, S. L., & Ho, A. N. (2013). Modeling the relationships among reading instruction, motivation, engagement, and achievement for adolescents. Reading Research Quarterly, 48(1), 9–26 https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.035
Han, Y., Li, W., Bao, M., & Cao, X. (2020). An investigation of the experiences of working with multilingual international students among local students and faculty members in Chinese universities. Sustainability, 12(16), 6419 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166419
Han, J., Yin, H., Wang, J., & Zhang, J. (2020). Job demands and resources as antecedents of university teacher burnout, engagement, and job satisfaction. Educational Psychology, 40(3), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1674249
Hasudungan, A. N. (2021). Penelusuran sejarah mengenai Indonesia dijajah Belanda 350 tahun sebagai bahan sejarah kritis [Exploration of the history of Indonesian colonization for 350 years of critical historical material]. Widya Winayata: Journal of History Education, 9(3), 129–141.
Hasyim, M., & Febrika, K. A. (2019). Analisis keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika open-ended [Analysis of students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in solving open-ended math problems]. Fibonacci: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Matematika, 55(1), 55–63. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/fbc/article/view/2736/3137
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
Indonesia Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education [Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah]. (2022). Strategi Kemendikbud Menghadapi PISA 2021 [Ministry of Education and Culture’s strategy for facing PISA 2021]. https://gurudiknas.kemdikbud.go.id/ Mengkaji Kembali Hasil PISA sebagai Pendekatan Inovasi
Ismawati, E. (2015). Telaah kurikulum dan pengembangan bahan ajar [Curriculum review and development of teaching materials]. Penerbit Ombak. http://penerbitombak.com/product/telaah-kurikulum-dan-pengembangan-bahan-ajar/
Ismawati, E. (2016). Metode penelitian endidikan endid dan sastra [Language and literature education research methods]. Penerbit Ombak. http://penerbitombak.com/product/methode-penelitian-pendidikan-bahasa-dan-sastra/
Ismawati, E., & Hersulastuti. (2021). Meningkatkan kemampuan menulis puisi mahasiswa PBSI dan PBI. Laporan penelitian [Improving the poetry writing skills of PBSI and PBI students. Research report]. Unwidha Klaten.
Jamaludin, J., Kakaly, S., & Batlolona, R. B. (2022). Critical thinking skills and concepts mastery on the topic of temperature and heat. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 16(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v16i1.20344
Fahlevi, F. (2021). Tingkat literasi siswa Indonesia di peringkat PISA masih rendah [The literacy level of Indonesian students in the PISA ranking is still low]. Tribunnews. https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/03/22/kemendikbud-tingkat-literasi-siswa-indonesia-di-peringkat-pisa-masih-rendah
Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud) (2021). Tingkat literasi siswa Indonesia di peringkat PISA masih rendah [The literacy level of Indonesian students in the PISA ranking is still low] ]https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/03/22/kemendikbud-level-literasi-siswa-indonesia-di-ranking-pisa-masih-rendah
Kompas. (2020). Asesmen Nasional 2021: Apa itu literasi membaca dan literasi matematika [National Assessment 2021: What is reading literacy and mathematical literacy?] https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2020/12/26/160845671/asesmen-nasional-2021-apa-itu-literasi-membaca-dan-literasi-matematika
Kompas. (2022a). Berapa luas negara Indonesia? [What is the area of Indonesia?] https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2022/11/01/170000370/berapa-luas-negara-indonesia-?page=all
Kompas. (2022b). Jumlah penduduk Indonesia 2022 [Total population of Indonesia 2022]. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/04/27/03000051/jumlah-penduduk-indonesia-2022
Krippendorff, K. (1993). Analisis isi: Pengantar teori dan metodologi [Content analysis: Introduction to theory and methodology]. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Lau, J., Y., F. (2011). An introduction to critical thinking and creativity: Think more, think better. Wiley.
Makarim, N. (2020). Merdeka belajar dan kampus merdeka [Free study and independent campus]. Indonesia Ministry of Education and Culture.
Marlina, E., Putri, R. I. I., & Darmawijoyo. (2019). Developing problem high order thinking type application volume cube and cuboid based problem based learning for secondary school. International Journal of Active Learning, 4(1), 33–39. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/ijal/article/view/15119/7964
Meilani, D., Dantes, N., & Tika, I. N. (2020). Pengaruh implementasi pembelajaran saintifik berbasis keterampilan belajar dan berinovasi 4C terhadap hasil belajar IPA Dengan kovariabel sikap ilmiah pada peserta didik Kelas V SD Gugus 15 Kecamatan Buleleng [The effect of implementation of scientific learning based on learning skills and 4C innovation on science learning outcomes with the scientific attitude covariable in Class V students at SD Cluster 15, Buleleng district]. Jurnal Elementary, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.31764/elementary.v3i1.1412
Menap, M., Bayana, F., & Prayogi, S. (2021). Problem-based learning in phytochemistry courses: Its effectiveness in improving medical students’ critical thinking ability viewed from cognitive style. Science Education Research Journal, 7(Special issue), 118–125. http://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7iSpecialIssue.1124
Ministry of Education and Culture Research and Development, 2019). PISA Result 2018.
Narciss, S., & Huth, K. (2004). How to design informative tutoring feedback for multi-media learning. In H. M. Niegemann, D. Leutner, & R. Brünken (Eds.), Instructional design for multimedia learning (pp. 181–196). Waxmann.
Nursalim (2011). Implementasi kurikulum endid Indonesia antara harapam dan kenyataan [Implementation of Indonesian curriculum between hope and reality]. Socio-Cultural Journal, 8(2), 250–266.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (n.d.a). PISA participants. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/aboutpisa/pisa-participants.htm
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (n.d.b). PISA 2021 unit submission guidelines: Mathematical literacy. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/PISA-2022-Item-Subsmission-Guidelines.pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2003). Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Literacy skills for the world of tomorrow: Further results from PISA 2000. http://www.oecd.org/education/school/programmeforinternationalstudentassessmentpisa/33690591. pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2015 PISA Result.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2016). Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results from PISA 2015. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/PISA-2015-Indonesia.pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2017a). PISA 2015 assessment and analytical framework: Science, reading, mathematics, financial literacy and collaborative problem solving. http://www.oecd.org/publications/pisa-2015-assessment-and-analytical-framework-9789264281820-en.htm
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2017b). PISA 2015 results (Vol V): Collaborative problem solving. http://www.oecd.org/publications/pisa-2015-results-volume-v-9789264285521-en.htm
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2018a). PISA results come into focus. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-infocus.pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2018b). What is PISA? http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2018c). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20(05.04.2018).pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2018d). Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results from PISA 2018. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA2018_CN_IDN.pdf
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2019a). International Student Assessment Program (PISA): Results from PISA.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2019b). PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework. https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en
Pa?ová, D., & Veja?ka, M. (2022). Implementation of gamification principles into higher education. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 763?779. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.763
Paidi, Subali, B., & Handoyo, L. D. (2021). The mastery of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge among Indonesian biology teachers. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(3), 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.3.1063
Pratiwi, I. (2019). PISA effect on curriculum in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 4(1), 51–71. https://jurnaldikbud.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/jpnk/article/view/1157/482
Puslitjak (Center for Policy Research). (2021). Peningkatan kemampuan literasi dasar siswa berdasarkan analisis data PISA 2018 [Improving Indonesian basic students’ literacy skills based on 2018 PISA data analysis]. Risalah Kebijakan, 3. http://jurnalpuslitjakdikbud.kemdikbud.go.id
Raharjo, K. B. (2013). Metode pembelajar quantum [Quantum learning method]. https://kurniawanbudi04.wordpress.com/2013/05/29/model-pembelajar-quantum-quantum-learning/
Riadi, A. (2016). Pembelajaran berbasis masalah meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 1 Daha Utara dan SMPN 2 Daha Utara [Problem-based learning improves higher order thinking skills of Grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Daha Utara and SMPN 2 Daha Utara]. Journal Didactic Mathematics: Journal of Mathematics Education, 2(3), 154–163.
Sanova, A., Abu B., Afrida, Kurniawan, D. A., & Aldila, F. T. (2022). Digital literacy on the use of e module towards students’ self-directed learning on learning process and outcomes evaluation courses. Indonesian Educational Journal, 11(1), 154?164. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v11i1.36509
Sjoberg, S. (2018). The power and paradoxes of PISA: Should inquiry-based science education be sacrificed to climb on the rankings? NORDINA (Nordic Studies in Science Education), 4(2), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.5617/nordina.6185
Spradley, J. P. (2007). Metode Etnografi [Ethnographic method]. Tiara Wacana. http://opac.acehresearch.org//index.php?p=show_detail&id=1938
Suciati. (2021). Perjuangan dan pemikiran kartini: Relevansinya dengan keterampilan abad 21 [Kartini’s struggles and thoughts: Its relevance to 21st century skills]. In E. Ismawati (Ed.), R.A. Kartini dalam berbagai perspektif [R.A. Kartini in various perspectives] (pp. 20–41). Gambang Buku Budaya. http://penerbigambang.com/product/ra-kartini-dalam-berber-perspektif/
Suryana. (2021, April 9). Menyongsong digelarnya putaran PISA tahun 2021 [Welcoming the 2021 PISA round]. LPKN. https://ilmu.lpkn.id/2021/04/09/menyongsong-digelarnya-putaran-pisa-tahun-2021
Suyatman, Saputro, S., Sunarno, W., & Sukarmin. (2021). The implementation of research-based learning model in basic science concepts course in improving analytical thinking skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(3), 1051?1062. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.3.1051
Sya, F. M., Anoegrajekti, N., Dewanti, R., & Isnawan, B. H. (2022). Exploring the educational value of Indo-Harry Potter to design foreign language learning methods and techniques. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(10), 341–361. http://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.10.19
Takayama, K. (2018). How to mess with PISA: Learning from Japanese kokugo curriculum experts. Curriculum Inquiry, 48(2), 220–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/03626784.2018.1435975
Tiruneh, D. T., De Cock, M., & Elen, J. (2018). Designing learning environments for critical thinking: Examining effective instructional approaches. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 16, 1065?1089. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-017-9829-z
Tricahyono, D. (2020). Buruh dalam sejarah Indonesia: Studi tentang aktivitas buruh pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Belanda periode 1870–1942 [Labor in Indonesian history: A study of labor activities during the Dutch colonial period 1870–1942]. Istoria. Journal of Education and History, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v16i2.35500
Utami, L. D. (2021) Level literasi Indonesia di dunia ranking 62 dari 70 negara [Indonesia’s literacy level ranks 62nd out of 70 countries in the world]. https://tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/03/22/level-literacy-indonesia-di-dunia-ranking-62-dari-70-negara?page=2
Wu, Y. T., Foong, L. Y. Y., & Alias, N. (2022). Motivation and grits affects undergraduate students’ English language performance. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 781–794. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.781
Youssef, A. M. S. (2012). Role of motivation and attitude in introduction and learning of English as a foreign language in Libyan high schools. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(2), 366–375. http://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v4i2.1855
Yuzulia, I. (2021). A study of students’ motivation towards learning English language. Journal of English Language Teaching in Indonesia, 9(1), 10–17. https://bit.ly/3mUjWWj
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 1694-2116
p-ISSN: 1694-2493